The most frequent approach to achieve a private sector return is through the development of a high-margin, low-volume recreational tourism product, the success of which is generally dependant on the quality of game viewing on offer. Similarly, in government owned reserves the need for increased concession income results in a high density of luxury lodge operators on the same reserve. Consequently, biodiversity objectives are frequently compromised in order to satisfy short-term game viewing demands, especially as it relates to the Big Five. Inappropriate management practices to support the unnaturally high game viewing demands have resulted in severe habitat deterioration in numerous reserves, across the country. This trend has been greatly exacerbated by the increasingly competitive nature of the game lodge industry, and the apparent conflict between the economy and ecology of ecotourism threatens to undermine its promise as a sustainable land-use practice for private conservation areas.
This conflict almost certainly represents the single biggest challenge facing conservation in South Africa. Additionally, the challenges faced in managing the ever-growing number of elephants have resulted in severe habitat deterioration in numerous reserves, across the country.